Kadua affinis
endemicRubiaceae

Kadua affinis

manono

Endemic to Hawaiʻinative

Found naturally nowhere else on Earth.

Kadua affinis, the manono or variable starviolet, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to the Hawaiian Islands. It is a highly variable plant, with a variety of growth forms including liana, sprawling shrub, shrub, and tree, and yellowish-green to purplish flowers, which goes a long way towards explaining its 200 synonyms.

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Seasonality
158 flowering · 124 fruiting annotations · iNaturalist · fetched Jul 2026
JFMAMJJASONDpeak
■ flowering (peak March)■ fruiting (peak February)

This is an inference, not a schedule. The curve reflects when observers annotated flowering and fruiting — which tracks observer effort as well as plant behavior, and pools all elevations and islands into one signal. Hawaiʻi’s microclimates vary enormously; a species may fruit in January at sea level and June at elevation. Use this to know when to look, then look.

Gallery · 6 · iNaturalist
open-licensed photos · click any to view its source
Where documented · 79 ahupuaʻa
documented occurrences · iNaturalist + GBIF · iNaturalist 200 · GBIF 264 records
Waimea · KauaʻiiNat 28 · GBIF 45 ✓
Waikīkī · OʻahuiNat 29 · GBIF 27 ✓
Waiākea · HawaiʻiiNat 28 · GBIF 26 ✓
Honolulu · OʻahuiNat 18 · GBIF 17 ✓
Kalalau · KauaʻiiNat 13 · GBIF 10 ✓
Kailua · OʻahuiNat 5 · GBIF 8 ✓
Pālāwai · LānaʻiiNat 5 · GBIF 5 ✓
Wailua · KauaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 7 ✓
Nānākuli · OʻahuiNat 6 · GBIF 3 ✓
Makaweli · KauaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 6 ✓
Piʻihonua · HawaiʻiiNat 5 · GBIF 3 ✓
Honouliuli · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 5 ✓
Kaluanui · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 4 ✓
Wainiha · KauaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 4 ✓
Kaohai · LānaʻiiNat 3 · GBIF 3 ✓
Kahakuloa · MauiiNat 3 · GBIF 2 ✓
Waimānalo · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 3 ✓
Hanalei · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 4 ✓
ʻAlaenui · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 3 ✓
Kahanahāiki · OʻahuiNat 2 · GBIF 2 ✓
Kaunolū · LānaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 2 ✓
Hanakoa · KauaʻiiNat 2 · GBIF 2 ✓
Kamananui · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 3 ✓
Honopū · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 3 ✓
Hanapēpē · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 2 ✓
Naholoku · MauiiNat 2 · GBIF 1 ✓
Hanakāpīʻai · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 2 ✓
ʻŌlaʻa · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 2 ✓
Hāʻena · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Puʻukapu · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Pānauinui · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Punaluʻu · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Waiawa · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Kīpahoehoe · HawaiʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Hālawa · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Keāliaaupuni · LānaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Waiehu · MauiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Wahiawa · KauaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Waiʻanae · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Waikolu · MolokaʻiiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓
Waimea · OʻahuiNat 1 · GBIF 1 ✓