Fountain grass — foliar glyphosate + fire break

Integrated treatment combining targeted glyphosate with maintained fuel breaks. Pure chemical treatment is insufficient — reinvasion from seed is rapid unless edge conditions are managed.

1. Apply 2% glyphosate solution during active growth (after first rains). 2. Use shielded wand to avoid native species. 3. Maintain 3m mowed or scraped fuel break around restoration cores. 4. Return for spot spray at 6 weeks and again at 12 weeks. 5. Reseed treated areas with native grasses (pili, Heteropogon) to reduce reinvasion.

Wear full PPE when applying herbicide. Heat exposure a major concern in leeward sites — early morning work only.

Moderate with single treatment; high with integrated multi-year program including native reseeding.